Notes of Cloud Computing
(AbdurRahman G)
1st Chapter (Introduction)
Evolution of Cloud Computing:
Historical Development:
The Concept of Cloud Computing comes into existence in 1950 with the implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients. Since then, Cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to dynamic ones from software to services.
The Following diagram explains the evolution of cloud computing.
The Concept of Cloud Computing comes into existence in 1950 with the implementation of mainframe computers, accessible via thin/static clients. Since then, Cloud computing has been evolved from static clients to dynamic ones from software to services.
The Following diagram explains the evolution of cloud computing.
Overview of Cloud Computing: -
Basic Concept and Terminology:
There are few basic concepts and terminology to the notion of a cloud and its most primitive artifacts.
Cloud:
A cloud alludes to an unmistakable IT situation that is intended with the end goal of remotely provisioning adaptable and measured IT resources. The term started as an analogy for the web which is fundamentally a system of systems giving remote access to an arrangement of decentralized IT resources. Before cloud computing turning into its own formalized IT industry section, the image of a cloud was ordinarily used to speak to the web in an assortment of particulars and standard documentation of electronic structures. A similar image is presently used to explicitly speaks to the boundary of a cloud situation.
IT Resources:
An IT resource is a physical or virtual IT-related antiquity that can be either software-based, for example, a virtual server or a custom programming project, or hardware-based, for example, a physical server or a system device.
On-Premise:
As an unmistakable and remotely available condition, a cloud speaks to a possibility for its organization resources. An IT resource that is facilitated in a customary IT venture inside authoritative limits is thought to be situated on the premises of the IT undertaking, or On-Commence for short. As it were, the expression "on-commence" is another method for expressing "on the premises of a controlled IT condition that isn't cloud-based". This term is utilized to qualify an IT resource as another option to cloud-based. An IT resource that is on-start can't be cloud-based, and the other way around.
* An on-commence IT resources can get to and connect with cloud-based IT resources.
* An on-introduce IT resources can be moved to a cloud, thereby transforming it to cloud-based IT resources.
* Redundant organizations of IT resources can exist in both on-introduce and cloud-based situations. In the event that the refinement between on-commence and cloud-based IT resources is confounding in connection to private mists then on elective qualifier can be utilized.
Cloud Consumers and Cloud Providers:
The party that gives cloud-based IT resources is the cloud provider. The party that utilization cloud-based IT resources are the cloud consumer. These terms speak to parts typically accepted by associations in connection to clouds and relating cloud provisioning contacts.
Scaling from an IT resource viewpoint speaks to the capacity of the IT resource to deal with expanded or diminished use requests.
The accompanying is sort of scaling:
* Horizontal Scaling: Scaling out and Scaling in
* Vertical Scaling: Scaling up and Scaling down
Cloud Service:
Despite the fact that a cloud is a remotely open condition, not all IT resources living inside a cloud can be influenced accessible for remote to get to. For instance, a database or a physical server conveyed inside a cloud may just be open by other IT resources that are inside a similar cloud. A software program with a distributed Programming interface might be conveyed particularly to empower access by remote clients. A cloud benefit is any IT resource that is made remotely available by means of a cloud not at all like other IT handle that fall under the administration innovation humbrella, for example, benefit-situated engineering-the expression "benefit" inside the setting of distributed computing is particularly expansive.
A Cloud administration can exist as a basic electronic programming program with a specialized interface summoned by means of the utilization of an informing convention, or as a remote access point for managerial devices or bigger situations and other IT resources.
Cloud Service Consumer:
The cloud benefit customer is an impermanent run time part expected by a software program when it gets to a cloud benefit.
Cloud computing can be defined as a new style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Cloud computing has become a significant technology trend and many experts expect that cloud computing will reshape3 information technology (IT) processes and IT marketplace. With the cloud computing technology, users use a variety of devices, including PCs, laptops, smartphones, and PDAs to access Programs, storage and application development platforms over the internet, via services offered by cloud computing providers. The advantages of cloud computing technology include cost savings, high availability and easy scalability.
Cloud Consumers and Cloud Providers:
The party that gives cloud-based IT resources is the cloud provider. The party that utilization cloud-based IT resources are the cloud consumer. These terms speak to parts typically accepted by associations in connection to clouds and relating cloud provisioning contacts.
Scaling from an IT resource viewpoint speaks to the capacity of the IT resource to deal with expanded or diminished use requests.
The accompanying is sort of scaling:
* Horizontal Scaling: Scaling out and Scaling in
* Vertical Scaling: Scaling up and Scaling down
Cloud Service:
Despite the fact that a cloud is a remotely open condition, not all IT resources living inside a cloud can be influenced accessible for remote to get to. For instance, a database or a physical server conveyed inside a cloud may just be open by other IT resources that are inside a similar cloud. A software program with a distributed Programming interface might be conveyed particularly to empower access by remote clients. A cloud benefit is any IT resource that is made remotely available by means of a cloud not at all like other IT handle that fall under the administration innovation humbrella, for example, benefit-situated engineering-the expression "benefit" inside the setting of distributed computing is particularly expansive.
A Cloud administration can exist as a basic electronic programming program with a specialized interface summoned by means of the utilization of an informing convention, or as a remote access point for managerial devices or bigger situations and other IT resources.
Cloud Service Consumer:
The cloud benefit customer is an impermanent run time part expected by a software program when it gets to a cloud benefit.
Cloud Computing Architecture:
Layers of Cloud Computing:Cloud computing can be defined as a new style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Cloud computing has become a significant technology trend and many experts expect that cloud computing will reshape3 information technology (IT) processes and IT marketplace. With the cloud computing technology, users use a variety of devices, including PCs, laptops, smartphones, and PDAs to access Programs, storage and application development platforms over the internet, via services offered by cloud computing providers. The advantages of cloud computing technology include cost savings, high availability and easy scalability.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
Properties and Characteristics of Cloud Computing:
1. Hight Scalability and Elasticity
2. High availability and reliability
3. System Resilience
4. System Security
5. High manageability and interoperability
6. Control Automation
7. System Monitoring
8. Automatic Billing System
9. High accessibility and portability
10. High performance and optimization
1. Scalability and Elasticity:
i. Scalability:
The scalability of a system, process or network is its ability to quickly handle any unexpected rise in the volume of work within a gap or discontinuity in service delivery. In a nutshell, scalability is "increasing" the capacity to meet the "increasing" workload. Scalability can be divided into two basic categories:
* Horizontal Scaling: When scaling is done by adding more machines into your pool of resources.
* Vertical Scaling: When scaling is done by adding more power (CPU, RAM) to your existing machine.
ii. Elasticity:
In the cloud environment, elasticity represents responsiveness of demand and supply to price changes. If demand moves by more than the price change, it is described as relatively elastic; if it moves by less then the price change, it is relatively inelastic.
2. Availability and Reliability:
i. Availability:
The degree to availability is the ratio of time a system or component is functional to the total time it is required or probable to function. This can be conveyed as a direct proportion (e.g., 9/10 or 0.9) or as a percentage (e.g., 90%). A cloud system generally needs high availability. For example, a "Five Nines" system would statistically provide 99.999% availability.
ii. Reliability:
Reliability means the capability of system hardware or software to perform constantly without fail according to defined specifications.
3. System Resilience:
Resilience is a system's capability for providing and maintaining an adequate level of services despite faults and challenges with existing operations. Resiliency preserves the system's capability to return to its original state after meeting trouble. If a risk event hits a system offline, an extremely resilient system will return to work and function as planned as soon as possible.
4. System Security:
System Security is the most important concern in information security. It enables various security policies, encryption techniques and control for protecting application, data and entire infrastructure.
5. Manageability and Interoperability:
i. Manageability:
Manageability means managing entire cloud systems. System management in cloud computing is much more dependent on the overall network and offered services management; for example, management of telecommunication services.
ii. Interoperability:
Interoperability is the characteristic of a system or product which provides an easy-to-understand interface or platform to enable work with any other services and platforms with unlimited access.
6. Control Automation:
Control automation is autonomic computing. Its final purpose is to develop computer systems capable of self-management, to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of computing systems administration and to diminish the barrier that complexity poses to any additional development.
7. System Monitoring:
System monitoring is a process within a distributed system for collecting and storing state data in cloud computing. There are certain things that need to be always monitored, such as the following:
i. Status of the physical machine and virtual machine
ii. Detail resource utilization metrics
iii. Network and bandwidth performance
iv. System logs
v. Billing details
8. Automatic Billing System:
A cloud environment usually follows the pay-per-use model (users pay according to their usage). A cloud provider must first decide the price for the list of service usage. After that, it has to record the supply or service usage of each user, and then charge them by these records.
9. Accessibility and Portability:
i. Accessibility:
Accessibility is the word used to define the degree to which a device, product or service is accessible to as many people as possible.
ii. Service Portability:
Service portability is the capacity to access services with the help of devices, anywhere, constantly with mobility provision and dynamic variation to resource variations.
10. Performance and Optimization:
For a cloud to provide great computing power, application performance must be guaranteed. Cloud providers make use of powerful infrastructure or other highlighting resources to develop a high-performance and highly optimized environment, and then bring the entire bunch of services to cloud users.
System monitoring is a process within a distributed system for collecting and storing state data in cloud computing. There are certain things that need to be always monitored, such as the following:
i. Status of the physical machine and virtual machine
ii. Detail resource utilization metrics
iii. Network and bandwidth performance
iv. System logs
v. Billing details
8. Automatic Billing System:
A cloud environment usually follows the pay-per-use model (users pay according to their usage). A cloud provider must first decide the price for the list of service usage. After that, it has to record the supply or service usage of each user, and then charge them by these records.
9. Accessibility and Portability:
i. Accessibility:
Accessibility is the word used to define the degree to which a device, product or service is accessible to as many people as possible.
ii. Service Portability:
Service portability is the capacity to access services with the help of devices, anywhere, constantly with mobility provision and dynamic variation to resource variations.
10. Performance and Optimization:
For a cloud to provide great computing power, application performance must be guaranteed. Cloud providers make use of powerful infrastructure or other highlighting resources to develop a high-performance and highly optimized environment, and then bring the entire bunch of services to cloud users.
Applications of Cloud Computing:
Applications of Cloud Computing:
1. Online File storage
2. Photo editing software
3. Digital video software
4. Twitter-related applications
5. Creating image-album
6. Web application for antivirus
7. Word processing application
8. Spreadsheets
9. Presentation software
10. Finding a way on the map
11. E-commerce software
12. Miscellaneous applications
1. Online File storage:
Media Fire, mega upload, hot file, 4Shared, rapid share, your file host are such examples which are used to host files including documents, image, presentation, videos, etc. The interface is easy to use, and users can upload and download files from these sites. Here users can utilize 200GB of storage space and file size of 2GB.
2. Photo editing software:
3. Digital video software
4. Twitter-related applications
5. Creating image-album
6. Web application for antivirus
7. Word processing application
8. Spreadsheets
9. Presentation software
10. Finding a way on the map
11. E-commerce software
12. Miscellaneous applications
1. Online File storage
2. Photo editing software
3. Digital video software
4. Twitter-related applications
5. Creating image-album
6. Web application for antivirus
7. Word processing application
8. Spreadsheets
9. Presentation software
10. Finding a way on the map
11. E-commerce software
12. Miscellaneous applications
1. Online File storage:
Media Fire, mega upload, hot file, 4Shared, rapid share, your file host are such examples which are used to host files including documents, image, presentation, videos, etc. The interface is easy to use, and users can upload and download files from these sites. Here users can utilize 200GB of storage space and file size of 2GB.
2. Photo editing software:
3. Digital video software
4. Twitter-related applications
5. Creating image-album
6. Web application for antivirus
7. Word processing application
8. Spreadsheets
9. Presentation software
10. Finding a way on the map
11. E-commerce software
12. Miscellaneous applications
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